Ending The Fast- Iftaar أدعية الأفطار
A hadith reads, "Almighty Allah releases from Hellfire one million persons at the last hour of every day in the Month of Ramadhan; therefore, pray Almighty Allah to include you with these released ones."
It is advisable to postpone breaking one's fast until the evening/night prayers have been performed (after reciting the Magrib & Isha Prayer - if offered together), unless one is too weak to continue fasting or other people are waiting for you to break the fast.(Ref No 1759)
It is better break his fast with the food that is pure and free from illegality (haram wealth), especially with dates so that the reward of his prayer will become four hundred times. Also it is appropriate to break one's fast either with date and fresh water, or fresh date or milk or sweetmeat or sugar-candy or boiling water.
It is advisable to recite Sura Qadr at the time of breaking the fast.
It is advisable to offer food to other fasting people even if with a single date and a drink of water. Allamah Hilli in al-Risalah al-Sa'diyyah has narrated that Imam Ja'far Sadiq (as) has said, "If a believer treats another believer with a single morsel of food in Ramadhan, Almighty Allah (swt) will give him the reward of freeing thirty believing slaves and his wishes will be granted."
It is
recommended to say the familiar supplications of breaking
the fast, such as the following:
اَللّٰهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ، وَعَلٰى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ، وَعَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ O Allah: For
the sake of You have I fasted; and with Your sustenance have I broken my
fast; and in You have I trusted.
It has been
narrated that Imam `Ali
عليه السلام
used to say the following invocation when he would
break his fasting:
بِسْمِ
اللّٰهِ،
In the Name of
Allah.
اَللّٰهُمَّ
لَكَ صُمْنَا،
O Allah: For
You have we fasted;
وَعَلٰى
رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْنَا،
and with Your
sustenance have we broken our fasting;
فَتَقَبَّلْ
مِنَّا
so, (please)
accept form us.
إِنَّكَ
أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
You are surely the All-hearing, the All-knower.
It is
recommended to say the following at the first
bite of the food with which the fasting is broken:
بِسْمِ
اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ،
In the Name of
Allah; the All-beneficent, the All-merciful.
يَا وَاسِعَ
الْمَغْفِرَةِ
اِغْفِرْ لِي.
O the Liberal
in forgiving: (please do) forgive me.
It is reported that the Holy Prophet صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم said, "There is no fasting servant who says (the following supplication) at Iftaar except that he is cleansed from sin like the day he was born." (Reference : Iqbaal Amaal, Sayyed Ibn Tawus)
يَا عَظيمُ يَا عَظيمُ أَنْتَ إِلٰهي
لَا إِلٰهَ لِي غَيْرُك، اِغْفِرْ لِيَ اَلذَّنْبَ الْعَظيم، إِنَّهُ لَا
يَغْفِرُ الذَّنْبَ الْعَظِيمَ إِلَّا الْعَظِيم
O Mighty O Mighty, there is no other God but You. Forgive my great sins,
indeed who can forgive the great sins except the Mighty.
Recite the Supplication of 'Allahumma
Rabba Nuril Azeem (below)
reported by
Sayyid ibn Tawus and
al-Kaf'aimy. This supplication brings about great merit. The
Holy Prophet (saws) recommended this dua to
Imam Ali (as) and said that Jibreel (as) came to me and
said," Whoever in the holy month of Ramadhan before iftaar recites
this dua, Allah (swt) answers his prayer, accepts his prayer and
fasting, grants his ten requirements, forgives his sins, removes his
grief's, makes his heart at ease, grants his wishes, makes his deeds
to ascend upward with the deeds of prophets and righteous saints and
on the Day of Judgment brings him to His presence with his face
illuminated like a bright moon."
Allahumma Rabba Nuril Azeem اللهم رب النور العظيم
اللّٰهُمَّ رَبَّ النُّورِ الْعَظِيْمِ وَ رَبَّ الْكُرْسِيِّ الرَّفِيْعِ
O Lord of the magnificent light, Lord of the highest heaven
وَ رَبَّ الْبَحْرِ الْمَسْجُوْرِ وَ رَبَّ الشَّفْعِ الْكَبِيْرِ
Lord of the flowing seas, Lord of the great intercessor
وَ النُّورِ الْعَزِيْزِ وَ رَبَّ التَّوْرَاةِ وَ الْإِنْجِيْلِ وَ
الزَّبُوْرِ وَالْفُرْقَانِ الْعَظِيْمِ
Lord of the flowing seas, Lord of the great
intercessor and brilliant light, Lord of the Tawrat and Injil, and the grand Furqan
(criterion).
أَنْتَ
إِلٰهُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ
وَ إِلٰهُ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ-
You are the only God of the heavens and the earth.
لا إِلٰهَ فِيْهِمَا غَيْرُكَ وَ أَنْتَ مَلِكُ مَنْ فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ
وَ مَلِكُ مَنْ فِي الْأَرْضِ
لا مَلِكَ
فِيْهِمَا غَيْرُك
There is no other god save you. You are powerful over everything in
the heavens and earth. There is no powerful save You. You are the
owner of the heavens and earth. There is no owner save you.
أَسْأَلُكَ بِاسْمِكَ الْكَبِيْرِ وَ نُوْرِ وَجْهِكَ الْمُنِيْرِ وَ
بِمُلْكِكَ الْقَدِيم
I beseech you through your great name, your brilliant
superior being, your ever existing kingdom
يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّوْمُ يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّوْمُ يَا حَيُّ يَا
قَيُّوْمُ
O Ever living, O Self �Subsisting, O Ever living, O self
Subsisting.
أَسْأَلُكَ بِاسْمِكَ الَّذِي أَشْرَقَ بِه كُلُّ شَيْءٍ
I beseech you in thy name that illuminates everything
وَ بِاسْمِكَ الَّذِي أَشْرَقَتْ بِهِ السَّمَاوَاتُ وَ الْأَرْضُ
and by thy name that radiates in the heavens and earth,
وَ بِاسْمِكَ الَّذِي صَلَحَ بِهِ الْأَوَّلُوْنَ وَ بِهِ يَصْلُحُ
الْآخِرُوْنَ
thy name which sets the people of all times on the right path from
the foremost to the last.
يَا حَيُّ قَبْلَ كُلِّ حَيٍّ وَ يَا حَيُّ بَعْدَ كُلِّ حَيٍّ
O Ever Living who was there before anything else. O Ever
Living who is ever existing when no life shall exist.
وَ يَا حَيُّ لا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ صَلِّ عَلٰى مُحمَّدٍ وَ آلِ
مُحمَّدٍ
O Ever Living there is no god save You. Peace be upon Mohammed and
his progeny.
وَ اغْفِرْ لِيْ ذُنُوْبِيْ وَ اجْعَلْ لِيْ
مِنْ أَمْرِي يُسْرًا وَ فَرَجًا قَرِيْبًا
Forgive me my sins, make my affairs easy, and the reappearance near
وَ ثَبِّتْنِيْ عَلٰى دِيْنِ مُحمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحمَّدٍ وَ عَلٰى
سُنَّةِ مُحمَّدٍ وَ آلِ مُحمَّدٍ عَلَيْهِ وَ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلامُ
and keep us firm in the religion of Mohammed and family of
Mohammed, on the guidance of Mohammed and family of Mohammed, on the
sunnah of Mohammed and his family, peace be upon him and his family.
وَ اجْعَلْ عَمَلِيْ فِي الْمَرْفُوْعِ الْمُتَقَبَّلِ
Make my deeds lofty and accepted.
وَ هَبْ لِي كَمَا وَهَبْتَ لِأَوْلِيَائِكَ وَ أَهْلِ طَاعَتِكَ
Bestow upon me like you have granted your pious and obedient
servants.
فَإِنِّي مُؤْمِنٌ بِكَ وَ مُتَوَكِّلٌ عَلَيْكَ
For surely I am a believer in you, trusting in you,
مُنِيْبٌ إِلَيْكَ مَعَ مَصِيْرِيْ إِلَيْكَ وَ تَجْمَعُ لِيْ
turning repentantly to you, to you is my journeys end.
وَ
تَجْمَعَ
لِى وَ
لِأَهْلِيْ وَ وُلْدِيَ الْخَيْرَ كُلَّه
Gather for me and for my family and my parents all good
وَ تَصْرِفُ عَنِّيْ وَ عَنْ وُلْدِيْ وَ أَهْلِيَ الشَّرَّ كُلَّه
and remove for me , my family and parents all evil.
أَنْتَ الْحَنَّانُ الْمَنَّانُ بَدِيْعُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَ الْأَرْضِ
You are the compassionate, the supporter and the originator of the
heavens and the earth.
تُعْطِي الْخَيْرَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَ تَصْرِفُه عَمَّنْ تَشَاءُ
فَامْنُنْ عَلَيَّ بِرَحْمَتِكَ
Give me the best that you wish and protect me from Your Grace
يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِيْنَ.
O Kind and compassionate. The following is narrated through a chain of documents of Mufaz`zal ibn Umar � May God have mercy on him � on the authority of Imam as-Sadiq (MGB) that God`s Prophet (MGB) told the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (MGB); � O Abal Hasan ! This is the month of Ramadhan that has come. First say supplications before breaking your fast as Gabriel descended to me and said; O Muhammad (MGB) ! God the sublime would fulfill the prayers of whoever recites these supplications before breaking his fast in the month of Ramadhan, and would accept his fasting and praying, would fulfill ten of his prayers, forgive his sins, remove his sorrows relieve his destitution, fulfill his needs, recompense his debts, raise his deeds up along with the deeds of the Prophets (MGB) and the truthful ones, and make his face shining white like the moon of the fourteen night.� I asked, �O Gabriel ! What are they ? Gabriel replied :
عنه البحار 98 : 10 ، المستدرك 7 : 360 reference Prophet (saws) Dua at Iftar ومن الدعاء عند الافطار : ما وجدناه في كتب أصحابنا عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله أنه قال : ما من عبد يصوم فيقول عند إفطاره
إلا خرج من ذنوبه كيوم ولدته امه ( 3 ) . وأما القراءة عند الافطار : فاننا رويناها ووجدناها مروية عن مولانا زين العابدين عليه السلام أنه قال : من
Mafatih al-Jinan: Du`as while fast-breaking (Iftar) Fast-breaking (iftar): It is recommended to break one's fast after Evening Prayer (Maghrib) unless he faints from hunger or a group of people are waiting for him Second, one had better break his fast with the food that is pure and free from illegality, especially with dates so that the reward of his prayer will become four hundred times. Also it is appropriate to break one's fast either with date and fresh water, or fresh date or milk or sweetmeat or sugar-candy or boiling water. Third, one should recite the du`as specifically related for the time of fast-breaking (iftar) at this time; among them is the following: اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ وَ عَلَيْكَ تَوَكَّلْتُ O my Allah, for Thee, I fast, and with the food Thou gives me I break the fast, and I rely on Thee. Also it has been related that when Imam Ali, the Commander of the Faithful, wanted to break his fast, he recited: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ اللَّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْنَا وَ عَلَى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْنَا فَتَقَبَّلْ (فَتَقَبَّلْهُ) مِنَّا إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ In the name of Allah, O Allah, we fast, and with the food Thou gives us we break the fast, an obligation we fulfill, and Thou art Hearer, Knower. Fourth: Before (eating) the first morsel he should recite: بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ يَا وَاسِعَ الْمَغْفِرَةِ اغْفِرْ لِي In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful, O He whose indulgence is boundless, forgive me. so that God forgives him. It has been related that at the end of everyday of Ramadan God saves one million people from the hellfire. Therefore, ask God to consider you one of them. Fifth, recite the surah of al-Qadr (XCVII) at the time of fast breaking (iftar). |
More Iftaar Duas from Iqbal ul Amal
Section 1 : On How to do Iftaar and Breaking the Fast.
Everyone who fasts makes a deal with God and he should consider this as
a duty before he starts of fast during the day when he breaks his fast
and later at night until the next dawn. You should observe purity of
heart from what your Master detests and employ your organs in doing what
attains His Pleasure. This is desirable for you to do all the time
during your life in the world. However, the main point in the month of
Ramadhan is to note that you are in the presence of the Almighty God,
and are following His decrees by fasting, breaking it in the evening,
whether in private and public. You should perceive that fasting is a
prosperous form of obedience and your breaking of the fast by the order
of God the Almighty is another form of worship. Ending the fast should
be based on the decree on breaking the fast in obeying the Almighty
God`s orders to His Will. You should feel superiority and joy from the
fact that the Kind of the world and the hereafter has admitted you to
stand at His threshold, grab His servitude, become associated with His
dominant Government, given the chance for the acceptance of your deeds
and kept you safe from the danger of being turned down. The one who
fasts should not think that with breaking the fast he can stop the
demand from his heart to purify and do good deeds during the rest of the
night knowing that the Almighty God has only allowed him to break his
fast to continue to grant him His kindness and to face him with His
mercy. Considering this state, how could the worshipper take the
attention of God who is present and who does good to him lightly ? Have
you not heard what his Master said, ` I have only created the genies
and men, that they may serve Me.`�
Section 2 : On When it is Allowable to Break the Fast.
Beware that the people who fast are allowed to break their fast when the
time for the evening prayer has surely come except if breaking their
fast prevents them from another worship of the Nourisher of this world`s
creatures which is more important than breaking the fast � as it is
considered to eb one of the most important acts of worship of the Lord
of the worlds Thus, whenever all the Divine Commands became certain for
the worshipper at the beginning of the night, he must start with the
most important thing so as to obey the Owner of all existence. If he
does something without the satisfaction of the Owner of all existence,
then he has indeed usurped the time, has not performed things at the
right time, and has taken the possession of the thing which God has not
granted upon him. Thus, be careful not to take this issue lightly.
Section 3 : On when it is recommendable to break the fast.
In
many narrations on the authority of the divine leaders � may the noblest
blessings be upon them � we read : � It is better for one to pray before
breaking the fast during the month of Ramadhan. And this could help the
acceptance of your acts of worship more.�
The following is narrated through a chain of documents to Ali ibne
fazzal from his book Al-Saim, the authority of Abi Abdullah Imam
as Sadiq (MGB); �It is recommended for one who fast to pray before
breaking his fast if he can�. However, if you are with people who cannot
wait for you to pray and then break their fast, then eat before praying,
and you should break your fast with them in order to please the Almighty
God, exalt His commands, and complete the deeds of worshipping. This
way, by obeying the will of God who is the owner of your lift and death
and with this intention, you should first break your fast and then pray
while exalting divine glory. However, if breaking the fast with them you
are held back from your Lord and this creates distance between you and
the noble commands which god ahs wanted you to follow, then you should
honor them by feeding them and please them with yourself and then
present some excuses to justify that you are not participating in
breaking the fast with them, apologize to them and be careful about the
excuses your present since God is informed of what is in the hearts and
the minds. Moreover, if you fear them and cannot pray before breaking
the fast with them, and this from of concealment of faith pleases God
who is the owner of the living and the dead, then you should act upon
what pleased God. You should not try to justify yourself in obedience to
Satan or to follow your own selfish desire.
Section 4 : Table manners, Supplications and Deeds before breaking of
fast.
It
has been narrated on the authority of Abi Ali al-Fal ibn al-Hassan ibne
al-Fazl al-Tabarsi in his book Al-Adab al-Duniya,
on the authority of our
grandfather Al-Hassan al-Sabt who suffered from calamities brought on
him by the Ummayad`s rulers � may God`s blessings be upon his great high
soul, who quoted on the authority of Al-Hassan ibne Ali ibne Abi Talib
(MGB): �There are twelve table manners that each Muslim should know
about. Four of them are obligatory, four are traditions and four are
etiquette. The obligatory table manners are : Recognition of God, being
please, mentioning God`s name and being grateful to Him. The traditions
are; making ritual ablutions
before eating, sitting on the left side, eating with three fingers, and
cleaning the fingers at the end. The etiquette are;
eating the portion that is in front of you, taking small bites of
food, chewing it thoroughly and minimal looking at other people faces.
Another etiquette regarding drinking water and eating food include
consideration of the favors that the Almighty God has had with him by
honoring him and freeing him from the burdens of preparing all his
needed food and drink from the time they are creted until they appear on
his dining table. Indeed the Almighty God has appointed angels to be in
charge of the heavens and the earths. He has also appointed Prophets
(MGB), Trustees (MGB) and their successors to take care of the peoples
need, and He has appointed Kings and their successors and their troops
to safeguard the territories of Islam. All of these are involved in the
preparation of this food that is not on your table. God has also
appointed many other people who work hard for the preparation of this
food including farmers, carpenters, those who collect wood to make fire
the bread makers, the cooks, and many other who could not be mentioned
in writing or verbally. Thus it is not proper for one to not mention his
Master who has saved him from all these troubles and pains, prepared his
meal for him while he is relieved of all this hardship and not thank Him
a little or a lot. This would be as if his heart and mind are dead, and
he is bling to see all these blessings.
Supplications at the time of eating food :
The following supplications to be said at the time of eating is narrated through a chain of documents to Al-Tabarsi, narrated on the authority of the Divine Leaders (MGB) � may the best peace and blessings be bestowed upon them.
الحمد لله الذي يطعم ولا يطعم ، ويجير ولا يجار عليه ، ويستغني ويفتقر إليه ، اللهم لك الحمد على ما رزقني من طعام
وادام ، في يسر منك وعافية ، من غير كد مني ومشقة . بسم الله خير الأسماء ، بسم الله رب الأرض والسماء ، بسم
الله الذي لا يضر مع اسمه شئ في الأرض ولا في السماء ، وهو السميع العليم ، اللهم أسعدني من مطعمي هذا بخيره
، وأعذني من شره ، وأمتعني بنفعه ، وسلمني من ضره . ( 3 )
3 - عنه البحار 98 : 10 .
Praise be to God who feeds but does not eat, who gives
shelter but does not seek shelter, provides wealth but does not get
poor. O my God! Praise belongs to You for the food and stew. You have
provided for me with ease and well being for me and without me having to
struggle hard. In the Name of God � The best of the Names. In the Name
of God � Lord of the heavens and the earth. In the Name of God � By
whose name no one in the heavens or the earth can harm us. He is All
-Hearing and All- Knowing, O My God ! Please make me prosperous with
this food. And give me refuge from its evil, make me gain its benefits
and safeguard me from its harm.
توصيات قيمة لسيد المراقبين السيد ابن طاووس الحسنى
- إقبال الأعمال
- السيد ابن طاووس الحسني ج 1 ص 237 : - فصل ( 4 ) فيما نذكر من آداب أو دعاء
وقراءة يعملها ويقولها قبل الافطار . فمن الاداب عند الطعام : ما رويناه باسنادنا إلى أبي علي الفضل
بن الحسن بن الفضل الطبرسي ، من كتاب الاداب الدينية ، فيما رواه
عن جدنا الحسن السبط الممتحن بمقاساة الدولة الاموية ، صلوات الله
على روحه العظيمة العلية ، فقال : قال الحسن ابن علي بن أبي طالب عليه السلام : في المائدة أثنتا عشرة
خصلة تجب على كل مسلم أن يعرفها : أربع منها فرض ، وأربع منها سنة
وأربع منها تأديب . فأما الفرض : فالمعرفة ، والرضا ، والتسمية ،
والشكر ، وأما السنة : فالوضوء قبل الطعام ، والجلوس على الجانب
الأيسر ، والأكل بثلاث أصابع ، ولعق الاصابع ، وأما التأديب :
فالأكل مما يليه ، وتصغير اللقمة ، والمضغ الشديد ، وقلة النظر في
وجوه الناس . ( 1 ) استخدم فيما يحتاج الانسان إليه الملائكة الموكلين بتدبير
الأفلاك والأرضين ، والأنبياء والأوصياء ، ونوابهم الموكلين بتدبير
مصالح الادميين والملوك . والسلاطين ، ونوابهم وجنودهم الذين
يحفظون بيضة الاسلام ، حتى يتهيأ الوصول إلى الطعام ، واستخدام كل من تعب في طعامه من أكار (
3 ) ونجار وحدادين ، وحطابين ، وخبازين ،
وطباخين ، ومن يقصر عن حصرهم بيان الأقلام ولسان حال الأفهام .
وكيف يحسن من عبد يريحه سيده من جميع هذا التعب والعناء ، ويحمل
إليه طعامه ، وهو مستريح من هذا الشقاء ، فلا يرى له في ذلك منة
كبيرة ولا صغيرة ، أفما يكون كأنه ميت القلب والعقل ، أعمى عن نظر
هذه النعم الكثيرة . ما رويناه باسنادنا إلى الطبرسي ، عمن رواه عن الأئمة عليهم
أفضل الصلاة والسلام ، قال : يقول عند تناول الطعام : ومن الدعاء المختص بالافطار في شهر
الصيام : وما رويناه باسنادنا إلى المفضل بن عمر رحمه الله قال : قال
الصادق عليه السلام : إن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله قال لأمير
المؤمنين عليه السلام : يا أبا الحسن هذا شهر رمضان قد أقبل ،
فاجعل دعاءك قبل فطورك ، فان جبرئيل عليه السلام جاءني فقال : يا محمد من دعا بهذا الدعاء في شهر رمضان قبل أن
يفطر ، استجاب الله تعالى دعاءه ، وقبل صومه وصلاته ، واستجاب له
عشر دعوات ، وغفر له ذنبه ، وفرج همه ، ونفس كربته ، وقضى حوائجه ،
وأنجح طلبته ، ورفع عمله مع أعمال النبيين والصديقين ، وجاء يوم القيامة ووجهه أضواء من
القمر ليلة البدر ، فقلت : ما هو يا جبرئيل ؟ فقال : قل : يا عظيم يا عظيم أنت إلهي لا إله لي غيرك
، اغفر لي الذنب العظيم ، إنه لا يغفر الذنب العظيم إلا العظيم .
إلا خرج من ذنوبه كيوم ولدته امه (
3 ) . وأما القراءة عند الافطار : فاننا
رويناها ووجدناها مروية عن مولانا زين العابدين عليه السلام أنه
قال : من
* ( هامش ) * قرء ( إنا
أنزلناه في ليلة القدر ) عند
فطوره وعند سحوره ، كان فيما بينهما كالمتشحط (
1 ) بدمه في سبيل الله تعالى (
2 ) اعلم أننا قد ذكرنا فيما تقدم من هذا الكتاب كيفية الاستظهار في
الطعام والشراب ، ونزيد هاهنا بأن نقول : ينبغي أن يكون الطعام
والشراب الذي يفطر عليه مع طهارته من الحرام والشبهات ، قد تنزهت
طرق تهيأت لمن يفطر عليه ، من أن يكون قد اشتغل به من هيأه عن عبادة لله جل جلاله ، وهي أهم منه ،
فربما يصير ذلك شبهة في الطعام والشراب ، لكونه عمل في وقت كان
الله جل جلاله كارها للعمل فيه ، ومعرضا عنه .
* ( هامش ) * وآله أنه قال : أفطر على
تمر حلال زيد في صلاته أربعمائة صلاة (
1 ) . ومن ذلك ما رويناه أيضا باسنادنا إلى علي بن الحسن بن فضال من
كتاب الصيام ، باسناده إلى غياث بن إبراهيم ، عن أبي عبد الله ، عن
أبيه ، أن عليا عليه السلام
كان يستحب أن يفطر على اللبن (
2 ) . ومن ذلك ما رويناه باسنادنا إلى أبي جعفر ابن بابويه باسناده
إلى الصادق عليه السلام أنه قال : الافطار
على الماء يغسل ذنوب القلب (
3 ) .
* ( هامش ) * اعلم أن الافطار عمل يقوم به ديوان العبادات ، ومطلب يظفر
بالسعادات ، فلا بد له من قصد يليق بتلك المرادات ، ومن أهم ما قصد
الصائم بافطاره ، وختم به تلك العبادة مع العالم بأسراره ، امتثال
أمر الله جل جلاله بحفظ حياته على باب طاعة مالك مباره ومساره . وإذا لم يقصد بذلك حفطها على باب الطاعة ،
فكأنه قد ضيع الطعام وأتلفه ، وأتلفها وعرضها للاضاعة ، وخسر في
البضاعة ، وتصير الطاعات عنه عن قوة سقيمة النيات ، كانسان يركب دابة في الحج أو الزيارات بغير إذن صاحبها
أو بمخالفة في مسالكها ومذاهبها ، أو فيها شئ من الشبهات . وأي
كلفة أو مشقة فيما ذكرناه من صلاح النية ، ومعاملة الجلالة الإلهية
، حتى يهرب من تلك المراتب والمناصب ، وشرف
المواهب ، إلى معاملة الشهوة البهيمية والطبع الخائب الذاهب ، لولا
رضاه لنفسه بذل المصائب والشماتة به بما حصل فيه من النوائب .
أقول : ومن آداب شرب الذي يريد الشراب وأكل الطعام أن
يستحضر المنة لله جل جلاله عليه ، كيف أكرمه أو أزاحه
( 2 )عن استخدامه في كل ما احتاج إلى الطعام والشراب إليه ،
مذ يوم خلق ذلك إلى حين يتقدم بين يديه . فانه جل جلاله
ومن الدعاء عند أكل الطعام :
ومن الدعاء عند الافطار : ما وجدناه في كتب أصحابنا عن
النبي صلى الله عليه وآله أنه قال : ما من عبد يصوم فيقول عند
إفطاره :
3
- عنه البحار 98
: 11 ، الوسائل 10
: 169 . ( * )
فصل ( 5 ) فيما نذكره مما يستحب
ان يفطر عليه
وحسبك في سقم طعام أو شراب أن يكون صاحبه رب الأرباب ،
كارها لتهيأته على تلك الوجوه والأسباب ، فما يؤمن المستعمل له أن
يكون سقما في القلوب والأجسام والألباب .
أقول : وأما تعيين ما يفطر عليه من طريق الأخبار ، فقد
رويناه بعدة أسانيد : فمن ذلك ما رويناه باسنادنا إلى الفقيه علي
بن الحسن بن فضال التبلمي ( 3
) الكوفي من كتاب الصيام ، باسناده إلى جابر ،
عن أبي جعفر عليه السلام ، قال : كان
رسول الله صلى الله عليه
وآله يفطر على الأسودين ، قلت : رحمتك الله ! وما الأسودين ؟ قال : التمر
والماء ، والرطب والماء (
4 ) .
ورأيت في حديث من غير كتاب علي بن الحسن بن فضال عن النبي
صلى الله عليه
1
- عنه البحار 98
: 11 ، الوسائل 10
: 149 .
2 - شحطه
: ضرجه بالدم .
3 - في
الاصل : التميمي ، ما اثبتناه هو الصحيح ، نسبة الى تيم
الله بن ثعلبة .
4 - عنه الوسائل 10
: 160 ، رواه الشيخ في التهذيب 4
: 198 ، عنه البحار :
98 : 12 ، الوسائل 10
: 146 . ( * )
أقول : ولعل المقاصد من الأبرار في الافطار ، كانت لحال
يخصهم أو لامتثال أمر يتعلق بهم من التطلع على الأسرار ، وكلما كان
الذي يفطر عليه الانسان أبعد من الشبهات ، وأقرب إلى المراقبات كان
أفضل أن يفطر به ، ويجعله مطية ينهض بها في الطاعات ، وكسوة لجسده
يقف بها بين يدي سيده .
1 - عنه البحار 98
: 12 ، الوسائل 10
: 168 .
2 - عنه الوسائل 10
: 161 ، رواه البرقي في المحاسن :
491 ، والشيخ في التهذيب 4
: 199 ،
عنهما البحار 98
: 12 ، الوسائل 10
: 158 .
3 - رواه
الصدوق في ثواب
الأعمال : 104 ، الشيخ في التهذيب 4
: 199 ، عنهما الوسائل 10
: 157 ، البحار 98
: 12 . ( * )
فصل ( 7 ) فيما نذكره من القصد
بالافطار
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