chapter 24
CHAPTER 25
The Rights of the Children
Imam Ali said:
A child's right over his/her parents is to choose him a good
name, to give
him the proper upbringing and to teach him the Quran.
[Nahj ul-Balaghah, Hikmat, p399]
The
Path to Prosperity
At first
we will mention the following words from the Commander of the Faithful about
prosperity. These divine and wise words have risen out of his heavenly heart to
guide man towards prosperity. In response to one who asked what prosperity is he
said: Prosperity does not depend on having more wealth, children, but it depends
on having more knowledge, patience and perseverance; and on being proud of your
worshipping of God. Thank God if you have good behavior. Ask God for
forgiveness, if you do bad deeds. There is no property in this world for anyone
except those who have committed sins and repented; and those who have striven to
do good deeds. Deeds which are done with piety are not trivial. How can such
deeds be so small if they are accepted? [Nahj ul-Balaghah, Commented on by Ibn
Abel Hadid, v.18, p.250]
In these divine
sayings three facts have been pointed out: being knowledge; perseverance; and
the application of both which is God's worship. It is also mentioned that
knowledge, perseverance and their application should be void of sin to be
accepted by God. Knowledge of an impious one, perseverance mixed with sin, and
worship without piety are all sources of harm or a waste of time. Those who
achieved something in this world achieved it through knowledge and wisdom,
worship and repentance, and piety and abstinence. The uninformed and the unwise;
the weak and the impatient; the slaves of lust and carnal desires; the ones who
delve in sin; and the refugees from good deeds are all useless folks who are a
source of harm.
We can conclude
from these divine words that parents must first realize their Islamic duties
towards their children, and then patiently perform their duties. They should be
happy and proud of doing these duties, and thank God for enabling them to attend
to the needs of their children, and respect their rights. If they have had some
shortcomings in performing their duties, they should ask
( 214 )
God to forgive them. They should be pious in all aspects so that their efforts
are not wasted. There is no doubt that attending to the needs of the children,
and striving to provide for them is a great form of worship and a good deed
which will be rewarded both here and in the Hereafter.
Children’s Rights
The
Prophet (Pbuh) said:
The rights of the
child over the father consist of teaching him/her writing, swimming and
shooting, and should only feed him/her clean and lawfully-earned food.
Of course, one
need not directly perform these duties. If the father just sends his child to
school, and swimming and shooting classes, he has done his job. The duty of
feeding them only lawfully earned food is really important, and one must be very
careful about this so that no problems arise here or in the Hereafter. How good
it would be if there were sports clubs and mosques next to all our schools so
that our children could go to learn how to swim or shoot after their studies, or
could go to the mosque to learn religious matters. Thus, in addition to physical
and mental development, they would receive spiritual training too. Literacy,
swimming, shooting and eating lawfully earned food are four sources of power for
the children. Once they are equipped with these, they will be safe from many
dangers. Pursuit of such activities shall fill the free time of the youth, and
is very effective in balancing out their instincts and sexual energy. In the
book entitled "Mukhlat", Sheik Bahayee has narrated that a man called
Hassan said:
Should I find a
bit of lawfully earned bread, I will dry it; grind it firmly until it turns into
powder, and keep it. Then whenever someone comes to me with an illness being
difficult to cure, I will feed him with a bit of it so that he gets cured.
The Effects of Lawfully or Unlawfully Obtained
Food
I
heard the following from one of the great religious scholars: When I studied in
Qum as a student of Imam Khomeini, I used to go to the villages for preaching
during the first ten days of the month of Muharram. I went to Imam Khomeini and
asked him for permission to go to a new village to preach for which I had been
invited to do so. The Imam prayed for me and advised me on how to treat the
people and preach. I went to that village.
When I entered
that village which had no more than two to three thousand residents, I saw a
religious-looking farmer who asked if I had come there to preach. When I replied
positively, he told me to only preach about the lawful and the unlawful as
ordained by God. This, he said, is what they need to know the most about since
they do not care about it. Then he asked me not to go to anyone's house except
his since he is the only one who strictly watches out for the divinely ordained
lawful and unlawful. He added that I would be more
( 215 )
enlightened and preach better if I dined at his house. So I went to stay at his
house, and everything was fine just as he had predicted. I could deliver a good
speech whenever I wanted to preach in the mosque. He used to leave the house
early each morning to go to the field, and I left the house with him. He would
come to the mosque for evening prayers, and we returned to his house together
after the preaching.
One day I accepted
someone else's invitation to go to his house. I did not inform my host. When I
wanted to preach that night I was not at ease. The audience did not notice
anything but I had a hard time getting words out of my mouth! My host who was
among the audience noticed my unusual state, and gave me a few bad looks which
implied his objection to what I had done. When we went back to his house that
night, he asked me why I went to someone else's house to eat that day. He stated
that he realized this from the way I preached. He ordered me not to go to anyone
else's house to eat for the rest of the duration of my stay there. He also
advised me never again to eat unlawfully obtained food and be careful about whom
I associate with. Once again I shall remind you about what to feed your children
by stating the divine words of the Prophet:
Do not take home
anything but what is lawfully earned for your family's daily bread.
Sheik Zahed
Sheik
Muhammad Husayn Zahed was a noble scholar in Tehran. He was a real mystic who
attracted many young fellows to the mosque or religious ceremonies and gave them
religious training. He once told me that he was invited to a place where he
should not have gone. He had only one ice cream there. When he got up at night
to perform his ablutions in preparation for prayers, and then he fell down the
stairs. He got injured and his wife treated the wound on his forehead. He could
not pray due to the pain, and fell asleep. Then he heard a voice asking him why
he had eaten that ice cream. He woke up and realized that his injured head was a
penalty for committing that sin. The Prophet (Pbuh) said:
The child's right
over his/her father is that a good name be chosen for him/her, the provision of
the means for his/her marriage when the time comes, and teaching him/her how to
read and write. [Mizan al-Hikmat, v.10, p.720].
A man asked the
Prophet (Pbuh) what rights do his children have over him? He replied:
Coose good names
for them, teach them proper behavior and place them in good position. [Ibid]
He also said:
If a child grows
up and gets ready for marriage, and the father can provide for his/her marriage
but does not do so, then the father is responsible for any sin committed by the
child. [Ibid].
( 216 )
The Commander of
the Faithful said: The rights of a child over his/her father include the choice
of a good name, good upbringing and teaching him/her the Quran. One of the men
from the Ansar asked Imam Sadiq whom should he treat kindly? He replied: Your
parents. He said they have perished. The Imam said: Treat your children kindly.
[Bihar al-Anwar, v.104, p.98]
The Prophet (Pbuh)
said: Adorn your children with the following three characteristics: Love for
your Prophet, love for the Household of the Prophet, and reading the Quran. It
is the duty of the father to acquaint the children with the Prophet (Pbuh) and
the pure Household of the Prophet. This should start from childhood so that the
child grows up with their love and recognition. The child can also coordinate
all his/her life affairs with them, and adopt no other model to follow. This is
because love of the Prophet, of the Imams, and following them are the best
sources of prosperity for man.
A Good Memory
The
first time I was invited to preach in Tabriz, I asked those who invited me to
get me a moderate-priced place to stay in the poor areas of town. They accepted
my condition. When I reached Tabriz, I was housed in a two-story building. The
house owner lived in one story and the other story was used for religious
meetings. He was a common man with a moderate income. He was religious. He asked
me if I knew the reason why I was housed there? I told him that I had set up
such a condition. He then told me that was not so. He said that he had attended
one of the religious meetings I had held in Mashhad on the day of Arafeh. At the
end of that day, he had gone to the shrine of Imam Reza and prayed to house me
if I should ever come to preach in Tabriz. He believed that Imam Reza had
planned this.
He said that he
and his family are all dedicated to serve the Household of the Prophet, and
those who serve them. He then told me the following which was related to his
father. He said his father used to say prayers at night throughout his whole
life. He would kindly wake up his son since the age of thirteen and tell him
that at night when everybody is sleeping, it is the best time to cry for the
oppressions done to Imam Husayn. He told me that they are loyal to Imam Husayn
and will not quit serving him until they die and join him in the Hereafter to
serve him again. Imam Sadiq said:
A child should
play for seven years, then study the book for another seven years, and then
learn about lawfully and unlawfully obtained goods during the next seven years.
[Mizan al-Hikmat, v.10, p.222]
The Commander of
the Faithful said:
Ask your children
to seek knowledge. [Ibid]
He also said:
Teach your
children the prayer, and be serious about their prayers when they mature.
( 217 )
We read in three
important Prophetic traditions that the parents may be cursed by the children if
they do not honor their rights, and the same holds for the children. Both sides
are required to honor each other's rights. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.74, p.70; Mizan
al-Hikmat, v.10, p.723]
A Note to Parents
The
Prophet (Pbuh) said:
A good deed is
recorded for whoever kisses his/her child. God will be pleased in the Hereafter
with whoever pleases his/her child. The parents who teach their children the
Quran shall be called in the Hereafter and given two dresses which are so shiny
that will illuminate the residents of Heaven. [Furu al-Kafi, v.6, p.49]
The Prophet (Pbuh)
said:
Whoever has a
small child, should play childish games with him. [Vasa'il, v.15, p.203]
The Prophet (Pbuh)
said:
Whoever kindly
raises his daughter, kindly trains her, and feeds her from whatever God has
bestowed upon him, shall have prepared himself a shelter from the Fire of Hell.
[Mizan al-Hikmat, v.10, pp.705-707].
The Prophet (Pbuh)
has made the following recommendations regarding children:
Fear God and treat
your children equally.[Ibid]
Do not treat your
children differently in terms of gifts, just as you like to be treated fairly.
[Ibid]
God likes you to
treat your children equally even when kissing them.[Ibid]
The Prophet (Pbuh)
saw a man with two kids. He was kissing one and ignoring the other. He told him
he should treat them equally, and kiss both of them if he wants to kiss them.
[Ibid]
( 219 )
CHAPTER 26
The Rights of the Parents
Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship none but Him, And that ye
be kind
to parents. [Holy Quran: BaniIsrail: 17:23, p.700.]
A
Heavy Burden
Honoring
the rights of the parents is a really heavy burden which only those who truly
believe in God and the Hereafter can bear. The Holy Quran has stated the
characters of a believer in:
The answer of the
Believers, when summoned to God and His Apostle, in order that He may judge
between them, is no other than this: They say, "We hear and we obey":
It is such as these that will attain felicity. [Holy Quran: Nur: 24:51-52]
Note the following
verse regarding the rights of the parents: Thy Lord hath decreed that ye worship
none but Him, And that ye be kind to parents. Whether one or both of them attain
old age in thy life, say not to them a word of contempt, nor repel them, But
address them in terms of honor. And, out of kindness, lower to them the wing of
humility, and say:
My Lord! bestow on
them thy Mercy even as they cherished me in childhood. [Holy Quran: BaniIsrail:
17:23-24]
The fact that the
rights of the parents are placed right after the rights of God shows the
importance of these rights. This has been discussed in detail in the highly
valuable book "Kafi, v.2, p.157. A tradition from Imam Sadiq has been
written there. Usul al-Kafi is an authentic book due to the author being the
noble, late Kolayni who lived during the period of the short absence of the
twelfth Imam, its contents, and their narrators being close to the times of the
Immaculate Imams. Its order and the attention it has received make it one of the
most important sources of religious principles. Then no one's excuse shall be
accepted after the interpretation of this important verse narrated from Imam
Sadiq regarding the rights of parents. When Imam Sadiq was asked about the
meaning of this verse, he said: When it is said treat your parents kindly it is
meant that you should associate with them patiently and treat them kindly; do
not encounter them with a bad attitude; provide for them whatever they may need
without their having to ask for it, even if they are rich; and take them
something whenever you go to visit them. Has not God said:
( 220 )
By no means shall
ye attain righteousness unless ye give (freely) of that which ye love; [Holy
Quran: Al-i-Imran: 3:92]
Imam Sadiq said:
If one of your
parents or both of them were old, impatient and weak so much so that it bothers
you, do not say the least thing to them. Do not raise your voice even if they
hit you. Speak with them kindly, using only noble words. If they try to hit you
again, just tell them may God forgive both of you.
These are noble
words. Then Imam Sadiq instructs us to be most humble with them; to look at them
with passion; to always honor them and to never walk in advance. He says you
must pray for them to receive God’s Mercy since they raised you from childhood
till now. In another verse God said:
And We have
enjoined on man (to be good) to his parents: in travail upon travail did his
mother bear him, and in years twain was his weaning: (hear the
command),"Show gratitude to Me and to thy parents: to Me is (thy final)
Goal. But if they strive to make thee join in worship with Me things of which
thou hast no knowledge, obey them not; yet bear their company in this life with
justice (and consideration), and follow the way of those who turn to Me (in
love): in the End the return of you all is to Me, and I will tell you the truth
(and meaning) of all that ye did." [Holy Quran: Luqman: 31:14-15]
An Amazing Point
Once
he was appointed to the Prophethood, Moses was ordered to use gentle speech when
dealing with the Pharaoh. He asked the reason why and was told that Pharaoh had
spent fifteen years of his life to raise him, and had suffered much hardship to
raise him from when he was a baby until he matured. Then he had the rights of
parents and Moses should not talk in harsh words with him.
A Delicate Issue
In the
Quranic interpretation called Menhaj, we read the following regarding the verse.
Did He not find
thee an orphan and give thee shelter (and care)? [Holy Quran: Dhuha: 93:6]
God the Almighty
told the Prophet (Pbuh) that He took away his father before his birth, and took
away his mother when he was still a child. This was done because the Prophet (Pbuh)
would have had a great difficulty in honoring the rights of his parents, given
his especial circumstances as a Prophet of God.
( 221 )
Traditions Regarding Parent's Rights
A
narrator asked Imam Sadiq: Which of our deeds are the best? He replied: Being
punctual about praying, being kind to parents, and fighting in the way of God. [Kafi,
v.2, p.158]
Imam Sadiq said:
What prevents you
from treating your parents kindly whether they are living or have passed away.
One asked the Imam what he should do for his parents who have passed away. He
replied: Pray, give charity, go on the Hajj pilgrimage and fast on their
behalf.[Kafi; v.2, p.159]
Zacharias Serves His Parents
Zacharias,
the son of Abraham, said he was a strict Christian, and then became a Muslim. He
said he was happy and went to Mecca to see Imam Sadiq. Imam Sadiq told him to
ask any questions he wished to ask. Then he told Imam Sadiq that his family
members were all Christian. His mother was blind, and he had to live with them
since his father had no one else to rely on. He said his parents liked him to
eat and drink from the same set of dishes. Imam Sadiq asked him if his parents
ate any pork. He replied no. Then he asked if they touched any pigs? He answered
no. Then Imam Sadiq ordered him not to leave their house; not to separate from
his mother; to take care of her; to bathe her; to change her clothes; and to
feed her.
He said he
followed all these instructions upon his return to Kufa. Then his mother told
him to tell her the truth about having become a Muslim. Then he told her yes,
and said he had been ordered by his living leader, Imam Sadiq who was a
descendant of the Prophet (Pbuh), to perform all these services. His mother
asked him if he was the Prophet. He replied no. He is the sixth Imam and is the
descendant of the Prophet. The mother replied no: The things you do for me are
the decrees of the Prophets of God. I am blind, but I realize that your religion
is better than mine. I want you to guide me towards your religion. Then he
guided his mother to become a Muslim, and she performed her noon prayers with
him. At eve, she asked to say his evening prayers and let her say her prayers
with him. She did so, and passed away after she had finished her prayers.
Then he remembered
that Imam Sadiq had instructed him to bury his mother by himself if she passed
away. He invited the Shiites early the next morning. Then they told him to call
in her priest. He told them that she was a Muslim, and they helped him to bury
her. [Vasa'il, v.21, p.491]. Jaber Jafi said the following: I was in the
presence of Imam Sadiq. A man came and said: My parents are Sunni and very
strict in their ways so how should I treat them? Imam asked him how he treats
real Shiites. He replied with love, and assist them in solving their problems.
Imam said: Treat your parents likewise. [Ibid, p.490]
Imam Baqir said:
( 222 )
A young fellow
served his parents well during their lifetime. However, his parents willed that
he should repay a loan they could not. He refused to do so, and did not even ask
God to forgive them. For this reason, God ordered that he be registered as one
who is damned by his parents. Another child who was damned by his parents during
his lifetime, paid back their debts after they passed away, and sought God's
forgiveness for them, and was registered amongst those who treat their parents
well. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.74, p.59].
Imam Sadiq has
been narrated as saying the following in the book called "Amali:
Moses saw a
beautiful face in the shade of heaven. He asked whose shadow was over him? He
was told he was one who has really treated his parents well and had never
gossiped or caused disunion.
The sixth Imam
said:
If you desire
death to be easy for you, visit your relatives and be kind to your parents. Then
the angel of death will be told to take it easy on you, and you will not become
poor during your lifetime.
Next to the
Ka’aba a man asked Abuzar why he looked at Ali's face a lot. He replied that
when he was next to the Prophet (Pbuh) and there was not any distance between
him and the Imam, the Prophet, told him: Looking at Ali's face and kindly
looking at one's parents is considered to be worship. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.38,
p.196]
Imam Ali said:
Accept all your
parents orders, except for sinning.
The seventh Imam
said:
A man asked the
Prophet (Pbuh) to explain the rights of the father. He said: Do not call him by
his name. Do not walk ahead of him. Do not sit down before he does, and do not
swear at him. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.74, p.45]
Imam Sadiq said:
Three things are
obligatory for children regarding their parents. They should always be grateful
to them; they should accept their advice on all matters except sinning, and they
should always wish them well. [Tuhaf ul-Uqool, v.47, p.238].
The Prophet (Pbuh)
said that the following statement implies parents’ damnation:
Do whatever you
wish, I will not forgive you. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.74, pp.61-74]
He also said:
Two things are
quickly penalized in this world. They are being damned by one's parents and
committing fornication. [Ibid]
He also said:
( 223 )
Anyone who makes
his/her parents really sad, is damned by them. [Ibid]
The sixth Imam
said:
Looking meanly at
parents causes damnation.
A man told the
Prophet: There is no evil deed which I have not done. Is there any way for me to
repent? The Prophet (Pbuh) asked him if his parents were alive. He replied that
his mother had passed away, but his father was alive. He told him to go and
treat his father kindly so that his sins be forgiven. When the man left the
mosque, the Prophet (Pbuh) said: He would have been closer to forgiveness by
God, if his mother was still alive. Moses asked God for some recommendations
three times. Then he was twice recommended to treat his mother well, and once to
treat his father well. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.13, p.330]
Imam Baqir said:
One is not free in
the following three cases: He is not free to do as he pleases in regards to what
he is entrusted with, his promise, and being kind to his parents. [Vasa'il,
v.21, p.490].
Sheik Ansari and His Mother
The
great jurisprudent, and noble scholar called Sheik Ansari used to carry his
mother on his back to the public bath house, and would then take her back home
after her bath was finished. He used to come to kiss her hands at night, and
would not leave the house without her permission. After she died, he cried a lot
saying that he cries because he is now deprived of the great blessing of serving
her. He compensated for all of her missed prayers by praying even though he was
really busy teaching and had many who came to visit him. Although his mother was
one of the most religious women at that time, he performed all those duties.
Mother's Damnation
A
young man was about to die. The Prophet (Pbuh) came to visit him, and told him
to profess to God's unity and his Prophethood. He turned away his face and
refused to profess. The Prophet (Pbuh) asked if he had a mother. He replied
positively. He called her in and asked if she was not pleased with him. She
replied positively. The Prophet (Pbuh) asked her to forgive him since he could
not profess to God's unity. She said he had hurt her and she was upset with him.
The Prophet (Pbuh) asked her to forgive him for the sake of the Prophet. She
agreed and forgave her son. Then the Prophet (Pbuh) asked the young man to
profess to God's unity and his Prophethood. The man uttered the words. Then the
Prophet (Pbuh) asked him why he had not uttered it the first time. The man said
a scary dragon would attack him and he could not talk. He added that now it had
left and he could talk.[Manazel al-Akherat, Mohades Qumi].
Imam Sajjad said:
( 224 )
Note the following
regarding your mother. She carried you for nearly nine months in her womb, no
one else could do so. She dedicated her love to you, no one else would do so;
she protected you with all her existence, fed you and was hungry herself; gave
you things to drink; and she remained thirsty herself; she clothed you, and did
not care for her own clothing; she felt hot, but protected you from heat; she
stayed up to care for you at night; and protected you in all circumstances so
that she may have a child like you. You cannot be grateful enough for all she
did unless God helps you. [Bihar al-Anwar, v.14, p.6]
Hakam Nami said
that he told the sixth Imam: My father had donated a house to me, and he now
plans to move back into it. The Imam said: Your father's deed is not good, but
do not fight back if he fights with you; and talk calmly with him, if he yells
at you. [Vasa'il, v.18, p.224]